How Weather Conditions Affect Health and Well-Being in...

How Weather Conditions Affects Health and Well-Being Singapore is an island lying north of the Equator. Because it lies in the tropics, it receives sufficient sunlight, has mostly uniform temperature and pressure, high humidity and abundant rainfall. Singapore’s climate can be categorized into two main monsoon seasons. During the Northeast Monsoon season, from December to early March, northeast winds prevail. It is cloudy with frequent afternoon rain in the early part of this season. From late March to May, winds and showers are present mostly during afternoon and early evening. The Southwest Monsoon season, from June to September, has more isolated showers in the late morning and early afternoon. From October to November, winds†¦show more content†¦Cold weather contracts blood vessels. Hence, heart attacks, migraines, and high blood pressure, caused by constriction of blood vessels and insufficient blood flow, can be triggered by cold weather. According to research conducted by the New England Center for Headache, as many as half of all migraines are triggered by weather conditions. This applies for Raynaud’s phenomenon where the blood vessels dilate and blood flow is disrupted. Cold weather increases joint stiffness and affects people with arthritis. Arthritis patients believe that the lower the barometric pressure, the greater the pain in the joints. An example is that the residents at the North Shore Hotel note when the barometric pressure goes down, their pain goes up. Their arthritis goes into overdrive before a storm. Nerve fiber coverings break down more easily, causing Multiple sclerosis to happen more frequently in cold weather. For Fibromyalgia Syndrome, a 1981 survey reported that more than 90% of the patients felt worse in cold and humid weather. Changes in barometric pressure affected those with the syndrome. Sinus headaches are caused by barometric pressure as the nasal cavities are not able to adapt quickly to the change in air pressure. Asthma is often caused by high winds as these bring pollen and particles which some have allergies to. In our research, we have also found out that sunlight can be both beneficial and harmful to the human body. TheShow MoreRelatedCoca Col The Best Global Brand1573 Words   |  7 Pagesas it has become more aware of the health issues and concerns. The weaknesses from 2013 are varied and include their focus bio carbonated drinks. These are becoming very unpopular because of current health concerns. Some researchers are suggesting that consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is a primary cause of increased obesity rates and are encouraging consumers to reduce or eliminate consumption of such products (Coca Cola, 2014). 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Ever since, Gong Cha has swept into neighboring countries such as Hong Kong, China, Macau, Indonesia, Singapore, Philippines and Malaysia by storm. The famous Gong Cha signature milk foam or also known as nai gai. There are 3 ways to enjoy this drink. 1. Sip the freshly brewed tea through the milk froth without a straw. 2. Slurp some tea followed byRead MoreOffice Market Study : Local Business Climate : Characteristics Of The Economic Base1655 Words   |  7 Pagesin importance within the United States only to Lower Manhattan s Financial District. The proposed outline and logic of this report are as follows: firstly, the key influencing factors of demand will be identified. The region’s overall economic condition, office employment trends and net absorption are going to be considered. Secondly, various analytical strategies would be applied to further investigate the mechanism of the market. 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This is in line with the official definition by the United Nations Framework Convention

The Government Effect On Protests Demonstrations Protests

The Government Effect On The Protests Protests have numerous factors that affect the result of the protest and one major element is the government. In the 1960’s some protests were brutal due to discrimination; yet, the largest protest achieved to maintain a safe environment because the government respected and allowed the protests. The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963 peacefully gathered approximately 250,000 citizens together to protest the high level of black unemployment, minimal wages African Americans received for jobs, poor job mobility, and continuous racial segregation. In contrast, The Gezi Park Protests in Turkey, Taksim in 2013 got out of control due to the government response to the initial 50 environmentalists who opposed to cutting the trees and building a shopping mall instead. The government used police force brutally against the activists and as a result, approximately 3.5 million protesters’ right to freely voice their dissatisfaction and use the media was constrained. So, even though today, overall technology and cities have improved excessively, Turkey is still facing an immense pressure and constraint from the government during protests compare to the protests fifty years ago in Washington D.C. In every country, protecting its citizens’ rights is the government’s fundamental duty in order to maintain the peace and unity. But in Turkey, citizens’ rights were violated because the government used itsShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Civil Disobedience And The Civil Rights Movement1503 Words   |  7 PagesProtests have long been an essential part of American life, employed to to draw attention to critical issues,events, and injustices. 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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Free Essays

Introduction Throughout history, our conceptualization of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has been changing alongside changes in the way we have viewed the world. With the dawning of the Renaissance in Western Europe, religious explanations based on demonic possession were superseded by a more humanistic understanding. By the early seventeenth century, the obsessions that drove Shakespeare’s Lady Macbeth to suicide were recognized to be a product of her guilty mind, for which there was no medical cure. We will write a custom essay sample on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder or any similar topic only for you Order Now Obsessions and compulsions were first described in the medical literature of the early nineteenth century. They were viewed as an unusual expression of melancholia. By the beginning of the twentieth century, with the development of psychoanalysis, the focus shifted onto psychological explanations based on unconscious conflicts, but this did not provide a useful strategy for treatment. The subsequent application of learning theory to OCD led to the development of effective behavioural treatments in the 1960s and 1970s. Compared with the pace of these historical developments, modern understanding of OCD has expanded with dramatic speed. The development of effective medical treatments of OCD has revolutionized the outlook for sufferers and propelled OCD to the forefront of scientific attention. With the growth of research into the epidemiology, psychopharmacology, neurobiology, neuropsychology and genetics of OCD, reviewed throughout this publication, the emphasis has once again swung back toward a medical model. As we enter the twenty-first century, we now recognize OCD as a common, treatable form of major mental disorder. After the pioneering epidemiological catchment area (ECA) studies carried out by the National Institute of Mental Health in the early 1980s reported that the prevalence of OCD was substantially higher than expected, (Robins, Holzer, Weissman, 1984) repeated population studies using similar methods have demonstrated a lifetime prevalence of 2-3% worldwide (Weissman, Bland Canino, 1994).   Taiwan and India were the only exceptions, with rates below 1%. If these estimates are accurate, then OCD affects more than 50 million people in the world today. The prevalence does not appear to be influenced by socioeconomic status, educational achievement, or ethnicity. The disorder is more common than schizophrenia, and about half as common as depression. Yet the illness remains largely under-recognized, and the psychosocial and economic costs to society from untreated OCD are high (Hollander, Wong, 1998).   It is not surprising that the World Health Organization has now recognized OCD as a public health priority. While there is little doubt that the ‘hidden epidemic’ of OCD exists, the actual prevalence of clinically relevant disorder has been called into question. In the ECA studies lay interviewers were trained to make DSM-III diagnoses using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). However, clinical reappraisal of DIS-positive cases resulted in less than 25% continuing to meet the criteria for OCD (Nelson Rice, 1997).One explanation is that the rates of illness reported in the original ECA studies may have been exaggerated. Alternatively, the findings may reflect variability in the severity of the disorder over time. Obsessive compulsive disorder is more common in women, although the differences are not as obvious as in depression or other anxiety disorders. An average female to male ratio of 1.5:1.0 is accepted for the community at large, although the ratio appears roughly equal in the adolescent population, reflecting perhaps the earlier onset in boys. In particularly in males, having obsessions and compulsions or magical thinking, poor social adjustment, and an early chronic course, predicted a worse outcome. A more recent 5-year prospective follow-up study of 100 OCD patients showed that in spite of the introduction of modern treatments, outcomes were similar to Skoog and Skoog’s cohort, with only 20% reaching full remission of their OCD, 50% showing partial remission, and the remainder unchanged or worse over 5 years. Less severe illness and being married were associated with a better outcome (Steketee Eisen Dyck, 1999). Most patients suffer a mixture of different obsessions or compulsions. Surveys have consistently identified contamination fears as the most common obsession, with concern about harm to others, pathological doubt, somatic obsessions and the need for symmetry also occurring frequently. Half of all OCD patients admitted for treatment suffer compulsions in the realm of repetitive checking or excessive cleaning and washing. 20 Key themes have been identified that underlie most symptoms. These include abnormal risk assessment, pathological doubt and incompleteness. Patients with OCD usually retain full insight into the absurdity of their symptoms, although this is not always the case (Insel Akiskal, 1986). The DSM-IV singles out patients with poor insight as a meaningful subgroup. These individuals have more complex symptomatology, which makes diagnosis more difficult, and tend to be more severely ill. They have only a limited sense of the excessiveness and irrationality of their thoughts and behaviours and are therefore difficult to engage in treatment. They may appear to be deluded (and hence receive inappropriate treatment) but longitudinal studies show they do not go on to develop schizophrenia-like illnesses. In a cohort of 475 patients with OCD, (6%) displayed lack of insight. Mild forms of obsessional behaviour, such as repetitive checking or superstitious behaviour commonly occur in everyday life. They only meet the criteria for OCD if they are time-consuming, or associated with impairment or distress. Recurrent, intrusive thoughts, impulses and images also occur in other mental disorders thought to share a relationship with OCD: for example, the preoccupation with bodily appearance, in body dysmorphic disorder; with a feared object, in specific phobia; with illness, in hypochondriasis; or with hair-pulling, in trichotillomania. A diagnosis of OCD should only be contrast; men predominate in surveys of OCD referrals, possibly reflecting a greater severity in males. Women during pregnancy and the puerperium are particularly at risk of developing the disorder. In a study by Neziroglu et al of 59 mothers with OCD, experienced their symptoms for the first time during pregnancy. In many cases, pre-existing obsessional tendencies are unmasked and exaggerated by the events surrounding childbirth. Obsessive compulsive disorder is considered to be one of the most strongly inherited mental disorders (Pauls, Alsobrook, Goodman, 1995). Approximately one-fifth of nuclear family members of OCD sufferers show signs of OCD, and the younger the sufferer the more likely they are to have a first-degree relative affected. The clustering of OCD and Tourette’s syndrome (TS) within families suggests a common inherited factor. The course of the illness can vary from a relatively benign form in which the patient experiences infrequent, discrete episodes of illness interspersed with symptom-free periods, to malignant OCD, characterized by unremitting symptoms and substantial social impairment. In a 40-year prospective follow-up study, reported by Skoog and Skoog, the authors managed to locate and examine 144 out of 251 OCD patients who had previously been admitted as inpatients under their care between 1947 and 1953. 1Given that effective treatments for OCD were not developed until the end of the study, much of the data is naturalistic. The authors found that roughly 60% showed signs of general improvement within 10 years of onset of illness, rising to 80% by the end of the study. However, only 20% achieved full remission even after nearly 50 years of illness; 60% continued to experience significant symptoms; 10% showed no improvement whatsoever; and another 10% had worsened. In 60% of cases the content of the obsessions shifted markedly over the follow-up period (Pauls, Alsobrook, Goodman, 1995). One-fifth of those who had shown an early, sustained improvement subsequently relapsed, even after 20 years without symptoms, suggesting early recovery does not rule out the possibility of very late relapse. Intermittent, episodic disease was common during the early stage of illness, and predicted a more favourable outcome, whereas chronic illness predominated in the later years. Early age of onset, made if there are also unrelated obsessive-compulsive symptoms, in which case more than one diagnosis may be warranted. Activities such as preoccupation with eating, sex, shopping and gambling are not considered genuine compulsions because they are not egodystonic, and the individual usually only tries to resist because of the adverse consequences. Reference: Hollander E, Wong C, 1998). Psychosocial functions and economic costs of obsessive compulsive disorder, CNS Spectrums (3 (5) suppl. 1:48-58. Insel T, Akiskal H, 1986. Obsessive compulsive disorder with psychotic features: a phenomenological analysis, Am J Psychiatry 143:1527-33. Nelson E, Rice J, 1997. Stability of diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the Epidemiological Catchment Area Study. Am J Psychiatry 154:826-31. Pauls DL, Alsobrook JP, Goodman W et al, 1995). A family study of obsessive compulsive disorder, Am J Psychiatry 152 : 76-84. Robins LN, Holzer JE, Weissman MM et al, 1984 Lifetime prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders in three sites, Arch Gen Psychiatry (1984) 41 :949-58. Steketee G, Eisen J, Dyck I et al, (1999) Predictors of course in obsessive compulsive disorder, Psychiatr Res   89 (3):229-38.   Weissman MM, Bland RC, Canino GL et al, 1994. The cross national epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder, J Clin Psychiatry 55 :5-10. How to cite Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Essay examples

Aggregation Strategies on Achieving Economies of Scale @Motorola

Question: Aggregation strategies focus on achieving economies of scale or scope by creating regional or global efficiencies; they typically involve standardizing a significant portion of the value proposition and grouping together development and production processes." (de Kluyver, 2014)? Answer: Aggregation Strategy for Motorola Human Resource: The management of Motorola has to engage skillful and experienced personnel that can help in enhancing the operation and performance of company and remaining ahead of Nokia in terms of sales and brand value. The human capital can help in updating the phone features and making necessary changes that can increase sales in India as well as in other nations. Differentiation: Motorola has to offer different features and apps in their phones along with high processor speed so that the smart phones of Motorola can beat the smart phones of Nokia in terms of sales and revenue. Therefore, the product differentiation can be effective not only in increasing sales but also it can help in increasing the brand positioning in the market. Reasonable price: The price of smart phone of Motorola has to be reasonable so that people can afford phone at least cost with better features. The price of some Nokia phone is almost INR20000 which is too expensive for the middle income group people. Therefore, if Motorola keeps its price at affordable rate then it can help in increasing the sale and better market share. Price Standardization: The Motorola Company should not charge different price from one nation and different price from other. This will affect the brand image of the company and customers may feel cheated and thus it can decline the sale and earnings. Therefore, Motorola has to implement equal price at all regions for their phones and it will be valuable to gain edge over Nokia. Partnership strategy: In order to make then brand popular, several organization develop partnership business via sharing resources, skills, money, loss, profits, etc. Joint venture is one of the key strategies of making partnership with the other company. This question demonstrated the partnership business between Toyota and BMW. Both the company is joint venturing with each other and plans to develop a sport car in the market. Both the company is world largest automaker. With joint venturing the business, BMW and Toyota tries to create lightweight materials, fuel cell system, and lithium air batteries based sport car in the market. In 2011, both the company makes an agreement with each other and starts to develop the project of lithium air batteries and fuel cell system that save extra fuel. Apart from that, Toyota and BMW both is setting up strategy for investing more on research and development in terms of increasing technology that deals in sharing spending on vehicles. This will allow in recouping investment quicker in order to use the developed technology in more models. The European Chief said that these technologies are more expensive as well as effective that helps in sharing costs in a better way with her company in future. Motors Co. and the PSA Peugeot Citroen is the new compact model after joint venturing with each other by BMW and Toyota. In the Peugeot model, BMW shares the gasoline engine. Apart from that, both the company sharing their resources made Mazda RX-7 model that is the new rumors crop including alarming frequency.

Coverage of the Cold War in Life Magazine The Bomb That Never Exploded

The world history of the twentieth century after the Second World War was by large dominated by the relationships that formed as a result of the opposition between the United States of America and the USSR.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Coverage of the Cold War in Life Magazine: The Bomb That Never Exploded specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The two mega-powers were struggling for global influence, and since they possessed completely antipodal views on what the ideal state should be like, this confrontation shaped into the so-called Cold War. Among the main features of this bloodless war was arms race that involved a harsh competition, inter alia, in the sphere of nuclear weapons. The post-war United States could boast a yet unsurpassed advantage over the military arsenal of any other country: their main strategic weapon was the atomic bomb, which became an almost legendary symbol of the US power. The attitude to the atomic bomb and its role in the Cold War sufficiently changed with the course of time, and this change is reflected, in particular, in the coverage of Cold War events by the US Life magazine. The atomic bomb explosions on Hiroshima and Nagasaki allowed the USA to demonstrate an unprecedented military might and to declare their ambition of global control by means of atomic weapon. The devastating power of the latter allowed the US military authorities to build ambitious strategies involving the use of atomic bomb as a nuclear deterrent and annihilator of the enemy. Provided that the US atmosphere was strained in the expectance of the enemy strokes and acknowledgement of the â€Å"ever-returning concept of war†[1], atomic bomb was an impressive weapon of intimidation. Inspired by the immense destructive force of the atomic bomb, military officials built ambitious hostility strategies that were characterized as â€Å"military profitable† due to the involvement of the atomic bomb[2]. But despite this confidence in the offensive qualities of the atomic bomb, strategists remarked on the necessity for updating the military fleet for more efficient bomb application[3]. As the communistic regime took over Hungary, the US military recognized the increasing speed of the threatening danger and emphasized the importance of not only creating new superfast and light aircrafts for carrying the atomic bomb, but also adapting the US building styles and relocating industrial so that the devastating effects of the possible USSR attack were minimized[4].Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The anti-soviet attitudes grew with the news of the coup-d’à ©tat in Czechoslovakia, when the United States realized that â€Å"the remote threat of the atomic bomb was no match for Red guns and tanks on the borders† and that Communism was an obviously uncooperative reg ime[5]. Americans realized that power was in their hands as long as they kept the monopoly on the atomic bomb which is the only device for balancing the Russian military weight in Europe[6]. The feeling of insecurity grew, as the United States realized that the chances of involving into a war were growing with every day[7]. After the Soviets surpassed the expectations of the US military and detonated their own bomb in 1949 instead of working on it till the predicted mid-1950s, the understanding of the non-absolute character of the atomic bomb came[8]. Doubt in the exclusive efficiency of the atomic bomb in fighting the enemy appeared in a discussion on what exactly constitutes success in fighting the Russians. Analyzing the course of the World War II, American experts on psychological warfare remarked that â€Å"as Hitler’s reliance on physical force let him to scorn the help of the Soviet people, reliance on the atomic bomb could lead us into comparable folly[9].† Pan ic was slowly but steadily spreading over the American population which could not avoid worrying about the atomic war threat since information on it was literally everywhere: in February 1950, Life dedicated a whole issue to discussion of the atomic bomb under a motto that no compromise could be reached with the communists and that war was inevitable[10]. Psychologists connected the reaction to the possible atomic war with the US baby boom of the late 1940s: â€Å"The war psychology must have changed our values, and the Cold War and atomic bomb have brought on a revival of the will to survive[11].† In the atmosphere of society experiencing great psychological stress of the atomic threat, cardinal changes also occurred in the specialists’ attitudes. More openly than ever, scientists voiced their opposition to further development of the mass-destruction bombs[12]. In their letters to the editors of life, representatives of Research Institute of America call to common sen se and express harsh criticism of the atomic defense plan in terms of general humanity principles[13]. Atomic bomb and weapon in general was no longer regarded as the best way to work out the contemporary geopolitical problems, since considering the huge military potential of both hostile mega-powers any serious warfare with them could lead to catastrophic consequences.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Coverage of the Cold War in Life Magazine: The Bomb That Never Exploded specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the one hand, appeals were published in the press to revise the approach to warfare and stop putting the whole responsibility for military success or failure on scientific achievements[14]. On the other hand, claims were made to review the application of atomic energy for not military but peaceful use since â€Å"all the heads of the state including even the Russians [were] pulling back from atomic abyss[15] .† The press coverage of the Cold War events appears to have been quite sensitive to the changing role of the atomic bomb in the nuclear arms race. Positioning the Russians as a thoroughly uncompromising enemy to be fought at any rate, the Life magazine nevertheless demonstrates a significant shift in the attitude to the atomic bomb function. First envisaged as a crucial and universal weapon, the atomic bomb gradually loses its positions as the Russians acquire a bomb of their own and the world realizes the possible catastrophic consequences of a nuclear war. References The atomic bomb. (1950, February 27). Life, 28(9), 91–100. Bullitt, William S. (1948, August 30). How we won the war and lost the peace. Life, 25(9), 83–86. Bush, Vannevar. (1949, November 14). Scientific weapons and a future war. Life, 27(20), 112–130. Carroll, Wallace. (1949, December 19). It takes a Russian to beat a Russian. Life, 27(25), 80–88. Hyland, T. S. (1949, December 26). The fruitful mountains. Life, 27(26), 60–67.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Letters to the editors: Atomic defense plan. (1951, January 8). Life, 30(2), 4. Murphy, Charles J. V. (1947, January 20). The Polar concept: It is revolutionizing American strategy. Life, 22(3), 61–62. The nature of the enemy. (1950, February 27). Life, 28(9), 30–31. Spaatz, Carl. (1948, July 5). If we should have to fight again. Life, 25(1), 34–44. Spaatz, Carl. (1948, August 16). Phase II Air War. Life, 25(7), 90–104. Strauss, Lewis L. (1950, July 24). Some A-bomb fallacies are exposed. Life, 29(4), 81–90. US foreign policy takes a licking. (1948, March 8). Life, 24(10), 27–30. The US surveys its weak defense. (1947, June 16). Life, 22(24), 27–33. Wallace, Henry. (1956, May 14). Henry Wallace tells of his political odyssey. Life, 40(20), 174–190. Footnotes Charles J. V. Murphy, â€Å"The Polar concept: It is revolutionizing American strategy,† Life (January 20, 1947), pp. 61–62. Ibid. Charles J. V. Murphy, â₠¬Å"The Polar concept: It is revolutionizing American strategy,† Life (January 20, 1947), pp. 61–62. â€Å"The US surveys its weak defense,† Life (June 16, 1947), pp. 27–33. â€Å"US foreign policy takes a licking,† Life (March 8, 1948), pp. 27–30. Carl Spaatz, â€Å"Some A-bomb fallacies are exposed,† Life (August 16, 1948), pp. 81–90; Carl Spaatz, â€Å"Phase II Air War,† Life (July 24, 1950), pp. 90–104. William S. Bullitt, â€Å"How we won the war and lost the peace,† Life (August 30, 1948), pp. 83–86. Vannevar Bush, â€Å"Scientific weapons and a future war,† Life (November 14, 1949), pp. 112–130. Wallace Carroll, â€Å"It takes a Russian to beat a Russian,† Life (December 19, 1949), pp. 80–88. â€Å"The atomic bomb,† Life (February 27, 1950), pp. 91–100. T. S. Hyland, â€Å"The fruitful mountains,† Life (December 26, 1949), pp. 60–67. Lewis L Strauss, â€Å"Some A-bomb fallacies are exposed,† Life (July 24, 1950), pp. 81–90. â€Å"Letters to the editors: Atomic defense plan,† Life (January 8, 1951), p. 4. Lewis L Strauss, â€Å"Some A-bomb fallacies are exposed,† Life (July 24, 1950), pp. 81–90. Henry Wallace, â€Å"Henry Wallace tells of his political odyssey,† Life (May 14, 1956), pp. 174–190. This essay on Coverage of the Cold War in Life Magazine: The Bomb That Never Exploded was written and submitted by user Michaela N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Quotes by One Tree Hill Character Lucas Scott

Quotes by 'One Tree Hill' Character Lucas Scott It must be terrible to discover that your father has another family  and he has been denying your existence for years. This is what Lucas Scott has to deal with on the TV show One Tree Hill, which showcases Lucass emotions as he tries to create his own identity. If you have already watched episodes of One Tree Hill, these quotes from Lucas can help you better understand his character. Lucas Scott on Life Many people die with  music  still in them. Why is that so? Too often its because they are always getting ready to live. Before they know it, times run out. But I cant do it. And even worse, I dont know why I cant do it. You know, its like, no matter how confusing or screwed up life got, the game always made sense. It was mine, you know. And in a lot of ways, its who I am. But I cant be that person in their gym or in their uniforms or ... in their world. Ever wonder how long it takes to change your life? What measure of time is enough to be life-altering? Is it four years, like high school? One year? An eight-week walking tour? Can your life change in a month or a week or a single day? Were always in a hurry to grow up, to go places, to get ahead ... but when youre young, one hour can change everything. Katherine Anne Porter once said: There seems to be a kind of order in the universe ... in the movement of the stars and the turning of the Earth and the changing of the seasons. But human life is almost pure chaos. Everyone takes his stance, asserts his own right and feelings, mistaking the motives of others and his own. Most of our life is a series of images. They pass us by like towns on the highway. But sometimes, a moment stuns us as it happens. And we know that this instant is more than a fleeting image. We know that this moment ... every part of it ... will live on forever. Needing Help Sometimes, its easy to feel like youre the only one in the world whos struggling, whos frustrated, or unsatisfied or barely getting by. That feeling is a lie.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦ we all need a little help sometimes. Someone to help us hear the music in the world, to remind us that it won’t always be this way. That someone is out there. And that someone will find you.† Random Musings What are you, Keith? An angel? A bad dream? Did you ever look at a picture of yourself and see a stranger in the background? It makes you wonder how many people have pictures of you. I was there but not to kill you. I saved your life, but I should have let you burn. Theyre afraid people might find out who they are before they find it out themselves. So Im confused. You want to be anonymous, and you let the world watch you on a web cam.

Luis Egidio Melendez Self-Portrait Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Luis Egidio Melendez Self-Portrait - Essay Example The essay "Luis Egidio Melendez Self-Portrait" explores Self-Portrait of Luis Egidio Melendez. Living approximately a century prior to Van Gogh, Luis Egidio Melendez struggled through his entire life working out brilliant uses of paint and technique to capture a vision that only he was able to see in his time. Although not insane like Van Gogh, Melendez was considered to have a difficult nature and this contributed to his professional struggles. Similar to Van Gogh, though, it was only after his death in abject poverty that his brilliance was finally recognized and honored. Today, the artist is considered one of the great masters of Spanish history, particularly in the area of still lifes. Although the difficulties of his life had a great role in dictating the subjects he painted, an examination of his Self-Portrait, painted in 1747, provides some illumination to his talents and abilities which distinguish him as a masterful painter. Melendez’ full name is Luis Egidio Melendez de Rivera Durazo y Santo Padre. He was born in Naples, Italy in 1716. His father, Francisco, had left his home of Oviedo, Spain to move to Madrid with his brother in order to study art but then moved on to Italy in 1699 in search of more new techniques. It was while Francisco was in Naples that he met and married Maria Josefa Durazo y Santo Padre Barrille and started a family. It wasn’t until 1717, when Luis was a year old, that the family returned to Madrid where Francisco developed his miniature painting skills further.

Sport Organization Communications Proposal Term Paper

Sport Organization Communications Proposal - Term Paper Example The term communication now covers all the latter-day additions to the primitive trench or passageway: telegraph, telephone, radio, television and computer. The distinguishing feature of all these modern inventions is that they enable rapid communication between persons widely separated thus giving them the group name ‘telecommunications’ with ‘tele’ stemming from the Greek word far ‘far off.’ In broad terms, communication means that which is shared, the ‘commons’ as the English language flowered, communication stood for the action of sharing in the mental or non-material realm, especially in and through the use of words. Anything that links two or more persons or places has come to be communication as it has come to include the means as well as the primary activity itself, (Adair, 2009) Communication skills are essential in leading, managing and working others. Understanding the nature of communication is the foundation of effective communication and hence the skills required include speaking, listening, writing and reading. For effective communication, every individual needs a good grounding and ability in these skills, so it is a matter of sharpening and honing them in the context of the daily working life. The aspiration to lead or manage others need competency in these skills as communication is a brother and sister of leadership. Principles of good speaking, which are the same as the general principles of communication are being simple, prepared, clear, vivid and natural. These principles need to be tied firmly on the communication mast as they can be applied in every form of communication. According to Adair (2009), communication usually implies both intension and means and in a sharper focus can be said that it is essentially the ability of one person to make contact with another to make himself or herself understood. It can also be the process by which meanings are exchanged between

Hagia Sophia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hagia Sophia - Research Paper Example It was built by the first Christian emperor, Constantine, who was also the founder of the city Constantinople. This he built including other several great churches during his emperor. After the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans, it was converted to become one of the principal mosques of Istanbul. Its influence became widespread and that which lasted lasting both in the architecturally and liturgically spheres. A bit of some history of the Hagia Sophia indicated that the building had first been constructed in a Christian capital and was then referred to as the church of the holy wisdom. It then represented the epicenter of the Christian churches and a series of their cults. It became first inaugurated in the February of 360 under the reign of Constantious II. After some time this first basilica was destroyed in Nika riots leading to a construction of the second Hagia Sophia. This was then built by the emperor Justinian with the help and experience of two architects, Anthemius and Isidore the Elder. They made the use of a lot of precious materials which were brought in from all corners of the Empire. This included some columns which were brought from the temple of Artemis at Ephesus. It was then crowned with a dome. The building was constructed in much haste and was completed in less than six years. Its walls were covered either with marble or in lavish mosaics that consisted of the most ex quisite color and workmanship. This new Hagia Sophia was inaugurated on December 27th, 537, five years after the work started. Over the years, it suffered a lot of damages leading to the partial collapse of some of its structural elements. The dome roof that was supported using a system of piers particularly provided the major challenge and collapsed after some decades. It was later reconstructed adding some supports and its shape in particular made the building look magnificent (Aydoğmus, Tahsin and Kleinbauer 22) In 1453, after the ending of the

Some Things To Know About Laos English Language Essay

Some Things To Know About Laos English Language Essay Lao is located in South-East Asia. It is one of the long history countries with well-established traditional in Asia. Laos has its own culture, traditional which is quite similar to other countries in South-East Asia However, Laoss culture is strongly influenced by religious, Buddhism believe and also nearby countries such as Thailand, Cambodia, and Burma. For people who come from different country, they always have a big crash in culture shock. They must learn and get used to Lao culture which is very important for their new living place. Normally, when they have conversation with Laos, they should use their eyes and common sense to navigate and learn Laos culture. Here is some information guideline for foreigner should know: Laos has its own traditional greeting called Nob where palms are placed together and held in front of the chest or face. The person who is in the lower level/position in social or younger should give a bow or greeting first, then but the oder or l/higher level/position in social person will respond greeting back. There are many levels for showing respect to the person in greeting with Nob. The higher of the hands holding level and the lower of the bow means the higher the degree of respect. During Nob, one should smile and say hello together with. Sa Bai Dee is a word used for the same purpose as  ´Hello ´. Its general meaning is How are you or Im fine. It is also used for meaning I am doing well. It is common in Laos to ask others if they already had dining or meal after greeting. When persons ask this question, they do not normally purpose for the answer but they show their care to those persons they ask. Nation Pride The Lao are truly  happy  being Laos. The Lao  accept  for who are they, what they are doing and  proud  in their long histories and well-established traditions. They appreciate when foreigner shows interest in their culture. Word expression Laos is a feeling sensitive culture. They care for other people feeling. Lao have many words to describe about their feeling and to express how they think. Laos words that are often used in everyday life are Bo Penh Nyang and Tham Ma Dha. These two words have various meaning according to the context. However, all meanings are related and influence by a Buddhist perspective. Bo Penh Nyang directly means No problem. It also has other meanings as never mind or are you all right? In some case, Bo Penh Nyang used with someone did something wrong to express that the action is forgiven. Tham Ma Dha is the word from Buddhist thinking, means everything goes on it way. In everyday life situation, it means average, the norm or everything process as usual. Religious Culture Similar to other countries in South-East Asia, Lao culture is influenced by Buddhism believe.. Buddhism deeply binds with Laoss everyday life and their ways of thinking also their traditional. With Buddhist teaching about the ways of things that things are as they are and as they should be, Lao easily accept the changing. Moreover, Buddhism religious always teach people to be peace and respect to each other. This builds Laos society to be a peaceful living. Lao people also highly give respect to monk and religious related things. Religious and Temple is the center of Lao mental conduct. Body conduct In Laos, as in most Buddhist cultures, head is considered the most precious/highest part of the body. In the other hand, the feet are the least sacred/lowest part of the body. There are many manners and aspects that are related to body conduct. It is necessary to remember this conduct whenever in Laos. Laos do not play other head as it is consider as the high part of body. Dress In big city and urban area, Laos dress the modern cloths in the same way as the western do. However, short and revealing clothes are generally not acceptable in Lao culture. In temple, everybody must wear polite cloth such as women must wear long pant or dress to cover their knee with long sleeve and must not show their chest. Losing face Losing face is a very sensitive situation for Laos. Losing face in public is a humiliated thing. Lao are afraid of being insulted. before talking about something or doing some action, those stuff should be reconsidered if it will cause losing face to anybody. Any form of confrontation for winner and loser which might lead to losing face must be avoided. Business Etiquette Dos DO say Sa Bai Dee as a greeting word in Lao with Laos traditional greeting. If you dont know how to greet in Laos tradition way, it is better to bow a little bit and say hello with a smile. Do smile a lot, Lao people love peaceful atmosphere. They always smile to each other. Do avoid showing affection in public. Lao are quite conservative. Greeting are any action with affection of person is not widely accepts even within the same gender. DO dress with neat and clean business suites for meetings. Lao are easily getting impressed by outside cloths. Do wear polite dress when visiting government, office and temple. Appropriate dress and behavior when entering places are essential. shorts or sleeveless shirts or flip flop is impolite dress. DO take off your shoes when invited into your Lao business colleagues home. Lao people try to keep their places clean. Taking hat and shoes off also are showing respect to the places. Lao appreciate and expect foreigner to do the same. Do crouch your back down when walking pass someone sitting, especially the elder. Lao highly give respect to elder. Also, as crouching back, body of walking person is consider as not higher than sitting person. Do show respect to Buddhism. Foreigner should show respect and be careful on their action in the temples area. Do speak respectful about the religion. One important thing about Buddhism is women should not touch Monks. Donts Do not touch anyone on the head. As head is the most sacred part of the Laos body, touching head is considered as very impolite behavior Dont put your feet on table or chair and shouldnt sit with crossed-leg or point your feet to anyone. The same thing as the previous one, Lao believe that Head is high and Feet are Low. Dont take any people photo without permission. You must ask them first to permission if they are ok or not. Do not shout or raise your voice or lose temper in public. Lao people speak softly and avoid confrontation. Speaking or shouting in loud voice may frighten them. It is also considered as uneducated or uncivilized person. People who lose their temper in public might be looked down on from other people. Do not involving with illegal stuff and sex tourism. The use of drugs is illegal in Laos.. The selling of wildlife and wildlife products should be avoided. Trading antique Buddha, sacred items and other old artifacts are prohibited. They are not allowed to be taken out of Laos. You might have problem when leaving Laos. Sex tourism is also illegal in Lao Business Practical Business Value Business culture in Laos is different from westerners business culture. In order to understand the difference of business culture between different cultures, the person has to have real experience and navigate deeply in the culture. The comparison of the value emphases that can be found for each culture, Laos and Western, are listed in the following Table.1. This table is derived from real experience of western businessman in Lao with his point of view and his own navigating. It can be used as a guideline for more understanding Laos business value. Table.1 Business value emphasis comparison between Lao and Westerners. Source: Laoletter (2008). Lao Business Culture blog. Relationship Businesses are often based on personal relations developed within social circles. In Laos business culture, work and social relationship are getting along and depend on each other. Since the emphasis placed on personal relationships is high, having a reliable and well-connected local agent or representative is crucial to the success of a foreign venture. Lao are seeking for trusted and credible relationships. Relationships progress slowly in Laos with the step-by-step approach. Asking Laos partner about their family, traditions, culture help foreigner understand their Laos partner better and also effective in building the relationship. View of Time Punctuality Lao people are not so punctual. They are often late for the appointment. Normally, they do not have exact plan and time table for their schedule. Foreigner should learn how the locals plan their time and keep their sense of time flexible. However, punctuality from foreign partner is appreciated Business Hours Official office hours are from 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and from 1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. from Monday to Friday. In factories and private companies work hours can be extended according to the laws allowance. Business Etiquette Greeting In business, nowadays, handshaking is becoming increasingly common during the conduct of business but only for people with same gender. Men and women should avoid public displays of affection. However, Laos traditional greeting is preferred. Naming Lao people should be called by their first names, with their title Mr//Ms//Madame or Than (in Lao) before the name. In the special occasion or to give higher honors, last name or their family name should be followed after their first name. Dress In Laos business, dress code for business is an importance. Men should wear western clothing such as shirt and trousers for normal business occasion. For special occasion, lightweight suits with tie should be worn. Women usually wear long skirts or blouse with long sleeve covering the shoulders and upper legs. Womens business cloth should avoid showing skin. Another important thing for dressing is perfumes. Laos are quite sensitive to odour. Westerners who have strong body odour should wear soft perfumes. Clean and neat cloths help in giving impression to Laos. Language Official language is Lao. English and Fresh are also commonly used in Business. However, French is more widely used, spoken and understood than English. Business cards When doing business in Lao, carry lots of business cards. Business card exchange is common in Laos business practice. Business cards should be translated into Lao and printed out.   A common used one is to have English version on one side and Lao version on the other side. In business card exchanging, cards should be given and received using both hands. Giving business card with this posture shows honor and humble to the person whom is dealed with. Exchanging business card with one hand also acceptable, but only exchanging with right hand where left hand lightly wrap around wrist and lower arm. The card should never be immediately kept into the pocket or placed somewhere. The detail in card for person name and position should be studied after receiving another persons card. Also, the card should not be written anything down. At meetings, other peoples business cards should be arranged on the table according to the sitting position. This helps tracking of people names.   It also is a sign of respect and interested in for the person. Another important thing is, playing or writing anything down in other people business card is disrespectful action. Business card should be treated with respect in same degree of respect as one would show the person him or herself. Gift Giving It is not required to give the gift when meeting business partner but giving gift shows consideration to other people and good relationship. Gift can be anything and do not have to be expensive things. Gift can be offered to anyone in the meeting but the most importance is giving one for the host or person in the highest rank. Gifts are given in the order of peoples importance or their position.   Wrapped gifts will be opened only when the person is alone. Shoes and socks are not suitable to be gifts in Laos as it is related to foot which is the least sacred part of the body. Green and red are the most suitable colors for wrapping paper in Laos. White wrapping paper, which is considered as unlucky and miserable color, should be avoided. Negotiation Negotiations process in the Lao is quite slow. It is also highly unwell-organized. Lao contracts are normally written in short with simple language. The Laos contract focuses on principles while western contract is obtuse and legalistic. Relationship is more important than the terms and conditions in the contract. They view the contract as the starting point of relationship but are able to change later. The agreement may become meaningless if the circumstances change. Good  relationship with Lao partners is a big help in negotiation. Breaking of negotiation should be done very carefully as it might shut the door on future cooperation.   Seeking for legal  counsel might lead to failed relationship i Meeting Meeting in Lao is not well-conducted.  In many case, meeting for Lao people is made for purpose of opportunities for social occasion. The highest ranking person of the group should be the first one who go into the room and speak to other people.   There is normally business card exchange before the meeting start. Meetings always begin with informal talk with serving coffee or tea.   The served tea or coffee should be drink or sip before main topic start as a polite and appreciate behavior. A several  discussion are normally takes place before launch into the the main topic of the meeting. The host will be the person who starts talking into the main topic. There are several signals from host that indicate the end of meeting. The signals include asking guest if they would like more tea, beginning to summarize things up, thank you for coming, and leading guest to the door. Table Manner If Lao has invited someone to a dinner it means that they interest to build deeper relationship. It is important to return the favor as it is a sign of interested in having relationship with them. Whenever accept dining invitation, it is important to be a host for next meal. If the meal take place at Laos house, remember to take shoes off before enter the house. Guest should not take seat until host invites to sit. For dining at restaurant, do not ask to share the bill if have dining at restaurant if they propose to pay for you. Instead, accept the invitation and then host the next meal. Communication Lao has indirect communication style. Rather than confront a person with an issue or disagreement, Lao prefer a non-confrontational ways of communicating for disagreement. As Laos are collectivism, relationship between people is important thing. They avoid having any conflict in relationships especially when in public.   People are more likely to avoid anger, confrontation or verbal criticisms which can lead to loss of face. Instead of direct confrontation, they try to find another way to solve the conflict. Body languages are quite preserved in Lao. They try to avoid eye contact. They also have few body language gestures. For documentation, written documents should be in both Lao and the foreign language so Lao people could understand more correctly about the content of the document. One more important thing is document written with red ink might get negative feedback from Lao. One more thing that foreigner should know is thing are not as the way they seem to be. For example, Foreigner should never ever take yes of Lao as an answer. Lao normally say yes to indicate that the message has been heard and understood. Yes means maybe or perhaps or no. Maybe means yes, no, or just maybe. And there is really no no as they try to avoid any form of conflict. Another example is bad news from Lao is often slowly  introduced. The main topic is normally come after the word and which generally is when the most important content is revealed. Another important thing in communication is saying Apologize. Lao normally apologize when something happen, even if they did not do anything worng. But they apologize because an  unfortunate incident has occurred. i It is importance to remember how to show respect. When in Laos, try and do as the Laos. Do and remember about body conduct, dress, and public affection and religious manner.

Reproduction :: essays research papers

For some time she had watched his movements, appearing coyly in his haunts. And now, had it paid off? Doubtless, he was in love. His muscles were taut; he swooped through the air more like an eagle than a Greylag gander. The only problem was, it was not for her that he then landed in a flurry of quacks and wingbeats, or for her that he dashed off surprise attacks on his fellows. It was, rather, for another - for her preening rival across the Bavarian lake. Poor goose. Will she mate with the gander of her dreams? Or will she trail him for years, laying infertile egg clutches as proof of her faithfulness? Either outcome is possible in an animal world marked daily by scenes of courtship, spurning and love triumphant. And take note: these are not the imaginings of some Disney screen-16 writer. Decades ago Konrad Lorenz, a famed Austrian naturalist, made detailed studies of Greylags and afterwards showed no hesitation in using words like love, grief and even embarrassment to describe the behavior of these large, social birds. At the same time he did not forget that all romance - animal and human - is tied intimately to natural selection. Natural selection brought on the evolution of males and females during prehistoric epochs when environmental change was making life difficult for single-sex species such as bacteria and algae. Generally, these reproduced by splitting into identical copies of themselves. New generations were thus no better than old ones at surviving in an altered world. With the emergence of the sexes, however, youngsters acquired the qualities of two parents. This meant that they were different from both - different and perhaps better at coping with tough problems of survival. At the same time, nature had to furnish a new set of instincts which would make "parents" out of such unreflective entities as mollusks and jellyfish.. The peacock's splendid feathers, the firefly's flash, the humpback whale's resounding bellow - all are means these animals have evolved to obey nature's command: "Find a mate. Transmit your characteristics through time!" But while most males would accept indiscriminate mating, females generally have more on their minds. In most species, after all, they take on reproduction's hardest chores such as carrying young, incubating eggs and tending newborns. Often they can produce only a few young in a lifetime. (Given half a chance, most males would spawn thousands.) So it's no surprising that the ladies are choosy. They want to match their characteristics with those of a successful mate. He may flap his wings or join a hockey team, but somehow he must show that his offspring will not likely be last to eat or first in predatory jaws.

Critically Examine the Trend and Size of Poverty in Hong Kong

No city in the world is as ironic and contradictory as Hong Kong. This city has not only the 6th highest per capita GDP, but also the highest Gini coefficient in the world (World Bank, 2011). Fortunately, the Hong Kong government isn’t turning a blind eye towards this dilemma but are instead actively looking for a trade-off between economic performance and social welfare. One notable example is the re-establishment of the Commission on Poverty, it is hoped that a clearly-defined poverty line will shed a new light into the poverty situation in Hong Kong.Another important policy in recent years is the implementation of minimum wage law, which has been in effect for two years aiming to guarantee a basic wage for low-income workers, however its effect on overall employment level in Hong Kong is still to be determined. In this essay, I will first examine the overall trend and size of poverty in Hong Kong, then move on to assess the effectiveness of the present social security syste m, as well as the minimum wage in eradicating poverty in Hong Kong. Poverty, is an ambiguous term especially in Hong Kong.The United Nations places the benchmark for poverty as living under a monthly income less than or equal to half of the median household income of equal size households. This is the definition that the Commission on Poverty is likely to adopt. But before the launch of official poverty line people are considered poor only if they apply for Comprehensive Social Security Assistance (CSSA), which eligibility is largely determined by nominal income. As a result, the number of people applying for CSSA decreased after minimum wage law has been imposed.In this essay therefore, I will adopt the UN definition of poverty in examining its trend and size in Hong Kong. Poverty rate up to the year 2011 was the lowest since that of 2001. Before 2011, there had been an overall increasing trend in both the number of households living in poverty as well as the poverty rate. In this sense, 2011 can be seen as a watershed year; the poverty rate plummeted to 17. 1% when compared to 17. 9% in the previous year, which meant a reduction of 55000 people suffering from poverty.Additionally, the total number of poor households had been rising from 2001 to 2007, but this trend started to decline from then on. The total number of poor households in 2011 was 444,000, when compared with that of the years 2007 and 2010; there had been a reduction of 11,000 and 7000 households respectively. In spite of the declining poverty trend and size, income disparity in Hong Kong has been worsening. In the year 2001, the median monthly income of high-income group was $31,000 while that of low-income group was $10,000, which meant that the former was 3. 1 times that of the latter.However, this disparity continued to grow and in the year 2011, the median monthly income of the high-income group increased to $35,000, while that of the low-income group plunged to $9000, which meant that the high-income group had a monthly income 3. 5 times more than that of the low-income group. In brief, it is undeniable that the declining trend and size of poverty has been promising, but that was largely due to the thriving economy instead of governmental efforts, at the same time, the income gap has been widening despite the implementation of minimum wage law.These statistics all indicate that the current social policies are inadequate in eliminating the imminent threat of poverty. The social security system in Hong Kong is a three-tier system consisting of social assistance and social allowance in the form of Comprehensive Social Security Assistance and Old Age Allowance, mandated occupational pension in the form of Mandatory Provident Fund as well as private saving. In the remaining part of the essay, the effectiveness of the above social security policies in lifting poverty will be assessed one by one.The Comprehensive Social Security Assistance was renamed after the Public Assi stance Scheme in 1993 has the sole purpose to provide â€Å"a safety net for those who cannot support themselves financially. It is designed to bring their income up to a prescribed level to meet their basic needs. † (Social Welfare Department, 2012) It is a non-contributory and means-tested scheme financed wholly by the government. CSSA payments can be broadly classified into three categories: standard rate, supplements and special grants.Standard Rates from 2012 is divided into 5 types: elderly person aged over 60 or above, ill health adult under 60, disabled child, able-bodied adult aged under 60 and able-bodied child. The amount of standard rates payable to each type differs, but they are under the same guiding principles; the standard rates for children and seniors are higher than those of the adults, rates for single individuals living alone are greater than those of family members, and rates will increase with levels of severity of disability. Tsoi, 2002) Additionally, there are five types of supplements. Long-term supplement is an annual payment to recipients who have been receiving assistance for at least 12 months for the replacement of household and durable goods. Single parent supplement is a monthly payment to single parent families with special difficulties in bringing up their families. Community living supplement is a monthly payment to old, disabled and certified ill-health CSSA recipients living in the community instead of any institutions.Transport supplement aims to promote social integration and geographical mobility by providing monthly assistance to certified 100% disabled as well as population between 12 to 64 years of age. Last but not least, the intention of the residential care supplement is to relieve the accommodation burdens of old, disabled and certified ill-health CSSA applicants who are not living in subsidised housing estates. Besides, a range of special grants are also set up to meet applicants’ special needs in cluding school fees, school-related expenses, essential traveling expenses and so on.Famous English philosopher Midgley once commented that redistributing wealth in the form of social assistance has the â€Å"most direct potential impact on the poverty problem. † She identified three necessary conditions in order to fully realize this potential, first, social assistance must be financial by progressive taxation, second, the level of benefit provided must be sufficient to raise recipients out of poverty and third, needy people must have easy access to social assistance schemes and that these schemes would not deter them from applying for help. Tsoi, 2002). With applies the above mentioned three principles to Hong Kong, it is worthy to highlight that Hong Kong only fulfilled the first condition out of the three. In the following paragraphs, the low effectiveness of the CSSA will be discussed with respect to its level of benefits, process of application as well as incentives for its recipients to reintegrate into the job market. The level of benefits by the standard rates of the CSSA cannot reflect the actual needs of its recipients, but are in fact set arbitrarily. At the oment, the standard rates of CSSA recipients are reviewed and adjusted annually by the Legislative Council to reflect the changes in Price Level by the Census and Statistics Department. The Consumption Price Index however, is a reference to the household expenditure of the 25% of the population with the lowest income. It is highly dubious as to whether the household expenditures of the poor households would be an authentic indicator and correspond to what they actually need to support their daily living. In addition, some CSSA recipients described the process of application as humiliating and intimidating.According to a joint project by the Department of Applied Social Sciences in Polytechnic University and Oxfam Hong Kong on Perception and Utilization of the CSSA in 2007, it was found t hat some recipients felt that their applications were always delayed and mishandled. Some applicants even accused the social security officers as having bad manners and lack empathy. These findings were found out after in-depth interviews and group discussion, although it is questionable as to the representativeness of the sample size, the critique to the â€Å"humiliating† application procedures must point to some bearing of truth that the CSSA recipients feel.Besides, some social workers in the study also complained that â€Å"some officers tend to insult and threaten the applicants by making unreasonable requests†. Going back to Midgley’s third condition in order to eradicate poverty which concerns the access to social security must not deter the needy from applying; the Social Services Department could clearly do a better job. Furthermore, there is always an unspoken concern that receiving CSSA would encourage a â€Å"dependency culture†, especially w hen the CSSA mechanisms do not encourage able-bodied recipients to attain economic independence.Contrary to common misconception that only able-bodied lazy people and new immigrants would apply for CSSA, most CSSA applicants, amounting to 60% (Oxfam, 2007) treat social security as the last resort to alleviate their dire financial circumstances. However, due to a lack of support services, only 8%-10% of able-bodied CSSA recipients are able to re-enter the competitive job market (Ming Pao Daily News, 2000) through the Special Job Attachment Programme. In addition, the additional cost for attempting to re-enter the job market may ut an extra toll on the families receiving CSSA, let alone some single parent’s families with insufficient child-care facilities may choose to keep on receiving welfare instead of working. In short, CSSA do not provide sufficient incentive for its recipients to re-join the work force, which is the only way to escape poverty. Another aspect of the social security system in Hong Kong is mandated occupational pension, which is in the form of Mandatory Provident Fund in Hong Kong. It is a compulsory, occupation-related scheme with defined monthly contribution by both employers and employees.The Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Ordinance was passed in 2000 with the hope of strengthening the safety net and retirement protection. Contribution to the MPF is mandated to be 10% of the employee’s income with which 5% is contributed by his/her employer. Besides, the mandatory contribution is adjusted with relevance to employees’ income. After the implementation of minimum wage, the monthly relevant income is readjusted, for employees with monthly income less than $6500, only their employers are mandated to contribute 5% of relevant income, this becomes the minimum contribution.On the other hand, for employees with income higher than $25000, both employers and employees are required to contribute $1250, this becomes the maximum c ontribution. All MPF contributions will be injected into registered MPF trustee in the market chosen by the employers, but now, employees will be able to choose new MPF scheme annually based on their performance. In the following paragraphs, the limitations of the MPF scheme will be discussed including its limited coverage as well as inadequate retirement protection which undoubtedly hamper its effectiveness.As aforementioned, MPF is an employment-related protection scheme, which means that only people with long-term employment contract will receive retirement protection. The MPF only have limited coverage and do not have universal protection as people excluded from the workforce including the sick, the disabled, housewives, hawkers, domestic employees and so on are unprotected, this amount to quite a sizable portion in the population. Besides, the employers might try to evade from the mandated contributions by altering the terms of employment contract.Employers are legally bound to contribute to MPF for their employees if they are employed for more than 60 days, therefore, some employers may deliberately change the employment contract to 59 days or terminate the contract and re-employ the employees. In brief, the MPF scheme does not provided for universal protection in the sense that a significant portion of the population is left unprotected, let alone some canny employers attempt to alter the employment contract in order to avoid contributing to their employees’ retirement protection scheme.Furthermore, the predicament of the MPF Scheme is that despite its objective is to provide retirement protection and reinforce the safety net, the protection is in fact far from sufficient. MPF is a define-contribution scheme but it is not a defined-benefits scheme, which meant that employees’ contribution is contingent upon many factors including the duration of contribution, returns from investments by the trustees after deducing the high administrative a nd transaction costs incurred, as well as the amount of contribution.This led to the inevitable unpredictability of benefits which is neither guaranteed by the trustees nor protected by the government. Besides, the scheme was introduced only in 2000, which meant that people around retirement age at that time would receive either little or no protection at all due to the short contribution period. At the moment, elderly poverty was one of the severest forms of poverty in Hong Kong. In short, contrary to its initial intention, the MPF does not guarantee retirement protection, instead only added more uncertainties and unpredictability to lives after retirement.The statutory minimum wage was passed in 2010 and fully implemented Labour Day of 2011. It aims at â€Å"striking an appropriate balance between forestalling excessively low wages and minimising the loss of low-paid jobs while sustaining Hong Kong’s economic growth and competitiveness (Labour Department, 2011). The initia l minimum wage rate was set at $28, but the commission set up by the government to review the minimum wage rate biannually has agreed to increase to $30 an hour. From a theoretical standpoint, setting up a wage floor would upset the balance of the labour market by forcing some low skill workers to be laid off.Nevertheless, the government estimated that 273800 grassroot workers would benefit from the law and could sustain a basic level of living by avoiding from being underpaid. After about two years since the law has passed, however, it seems that reports about employers trying to cut the fringe benefits of employees were not uncommon and the actual effect and repercussion of minimum wage on the labour market is yet to be unravelled. In the following essay, I will examine the implementation of minimum wage law with regard to its effectiveness in eradicating poverty in Hong Kong.In order to assess the effectiveness of minimum wage, the first indicator is changes in monthly income of the lower income groups when compared with higher income groups in the lower half year of 2011. If we divide the whole population equally into ten decile groups with the first decile group being the poorest 10% of the people and the tenth decile group being the wealthiest 10%, it was found that in the first three decile groups all experience increase in monthly income ranging from 6. 9% to 9. 3%, while the last three decile groups experience either no change or negative growth in their monthly income (HKCSS, 2011).However, looking at income alone would not be a comprehensive assessment of the effect of minimum wage law given that the economic began to boom around the time minimum wage was implemented. Therefore, a much more reliable assessment would be to compare the living standards of low income households before and after the minimum wage came into force. A study commissioned by Oxfam Hong Kong adopted a two-stage stratified surveys that interview impoverished households with at least one family member receiving minimum wage and compare their livelihood from March 2011 to January 2012.In the following paragraphs, findings from this study will be further analysed. In terms of monthly income, the minimum wage law has indeed increase the nominal household income. About 70% of interviewees, representing 131125 families reported an increase in household income after the introduction of minimum wage. Moreover, 72. 6% of them also reported a rise in individual workers’ income. In spite of an increase in monthly income and in fact, hourly income as well, working hours of workers decreased.The average hourly wage of respondents who stayed in the same job before and after implementation of minimum wage increased, 56. 8% of them even receive an hourly wage that exceeded $28. However, the same group of people who remain in the same job also experience an average cut of about 13. 9 working hours. This reduction of working hour is more often than not, at the expen se of the workers’ benefit such as cancelling paid lunch hour or meal break and no overtime payment and so on. 46. % of respondents complained that the previously paid rest days were cancelled since the enforcement of minimum wage law. Taking into account of the loss of paid rest days as well as other fringe benefits, coupled with the reduction in working hours, over half of the respondents, 55. 8% of them experienced a drop in individual income despite the apparent increase in nominal monthly income. In the paragraph above concerning CSSA recipients, it was briefly mentioned that they treat social assistance as their last resort to mitigate their financial situation.In fact, most of them felt â€Å"perceivable prejudice† against them. The introduction of minimum wage has a wide application, but it affects most significantly low-income jobs that CSSA recipients crave. About half of the respondents receiving CSSA in the Oxfam study affirm the effectiveness of wage floor as an impetus to quit receiving social assistance. This in brief, could address the need of CSSA recipients to self-reliance and eliminate the stigmatization or label that they feel attached to them by re-entering the job market.Nonetheless, increase in income to a certain extent does not mean or signify poverty alleviation. The most pivotal finding in the Oxfam study is that it reveals 40. 5% of households still live in deprivation despite the minimum wage law. This is because they define â€Å"deprivation† as the inabilities to afford at least three items that are dubbed essential by most Hong Kong residents including dental check-ups, leisure activities, afford to go to private clinics when sick and tea house and so on.According to Townsend (1979), â€Å"a person is considered to be in poverty if he or she does not have enough resources to enable him or her to participate in normal activities commonly engaged by ordinary members in the community and therefore cannot beco me fully integrated into the mainstream of society. † Therefore, when 40. 5% of respondents, representing 531354 households are still deprived of a chance to engage in social activities simply due to the fact that they still could not afford the items they need highlighted just how ineffective minimum wage legislation has been in eradicating poverty.In conclusion, lifting people out of poverty is a difficult problem that could not be solved by any social policy alone, let alone the many flaws and limitations that are embedded in social policies. However, it is only through identifying the imperfection in social welfare policies could we make improvement on them and hopefully attain the final goal of eradicating poverty at the end. Reference list: Hong Kong Council of Social Service, The Statistic review of the Low Income Household in Hong Kong, 2011. w. hkcss. org. hk/index_e. asp Labour Department (2011). Statutory Minimum Wage: Reference Guidelines for Employers and Employee s. Legislative Council (2012). Before and After the Statutory Minimum Wage Ordinance in Hong Kong: Survey of Low-income workers and their Families. Oxfam Hong Kong and Centre for Social Policy Studies, Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University (2007). Perception and Utilization of CSSA: a Study on the Views of the Public and the Lower Income people.Social Welfare Department (2012), Comprehensive Social Assistance Scheme, retrieved from: http://www. swd. gov. hk/en/index/site_pubsvc/page_socsecu/sub_comprehens/ Tsoi Kcon-wah , â€Å"Poverty Eradication and Social Security in Hong kong†, in Advances in Social welfare in Hong Kong, ed. ,) by D. T. L. Shek, 2002, Chapter 9. World Bank (2011), Gini Index, retrieved from: http://data. worldbank. org/indicator/SI. POV. GINI

Free Essays on Like Daughter

Childhood, affects an individual psychically and emotionally in the future. Everyone must find ways to cope with emotions brought on by painful experiences. In Tananarive Due’s â€Å"Like Daughter,† Denise attempts to mend her broken childhood by going to the extreme of recreating herself science of cloning. As a result she suffers from a nervous breakdown because of the pain she is causing Neecy. Individuals should focus on the present to work towards a brighter future instead of trying to relive the past. Through the elements of character and plot Due proves that to come to terms with childhood problems one should focus their energy on moving forward instead of erasing emotions felt in the past. In Due’s â€Å"Like Daughter†, Paige is portrayed as the protagonist with a sense of understanding and knowledge while Denise is the antagonist who makes an extreme decision. Although best friends and godmother to Neecy Paige insisted on keeping distance from Denise for fear on interfering with Denise’s plans to provide herself (Neecy) with a decent childhood. Paige states, â€Å"That was the other reason I’d kept some distance from Denise, I hadn’t wanted to be there to poke holes in what she was trying to do†¦her life could trot on happily ever after, just the way she’d planned, but that’s a lie, too†¦she sounded as if she’d died.† (92) Even without intruding on Denise’s life, Denise causes Neecy to endure pain (cry) proving Paige right that trying to recreate a childhood without flaws is impossible. Denise becomes emotional and can not stand to look at her young self hurt again. When Paige calls Denise Neecy she becomes excited and yells in a bitter tone, â€Å"I can’t stand to look at her.† (91) â€Å"Don’t call me Neecy, don’t you know better?† (95) Denise wants the name Neecy to represent the new childhood she created instead of the childhood she received. When Paige calls her Neecy she remembers her ... Free Essays on Like Daughter Free Essays on Like Daughter Childhood, affects an individual psychically and emotionally in the future. Everyone must find ways to cope with emotions brought on by painful experiences. In Tananarive Due’s â€Å"Like Daughter,† Denise attempts to mend her broken childhood by going to the extreme of recreating herself science of cloning. As a result she suffers from a nervous breakdown because of the pain she is causing Neecy. Individuals should focus on the present to work towards a brighter future instead of trying to relive the past. Through the elements of character and plot Due proves that to come to terms with childhood problems one should focus their energy on moving forward instead of erasing emotions felt in the past. In Due’s â€Å"Like Daughter†, Paige is portrayed as the protagonist with a sense of understanding and knowledge while Denise is the antagonist who makes an extreme decision. Although best friends and godmother to Neecy Paige insisted on keeping distance from Denise for fear on interfering with Denise’s plans to provide herself (Neecy) with a decent childhood. Paige states, â€Å"That was the other reason I’d kept some distance from Denise, I hadn’t wanted to be there to poke holes in what she was trying to do†¦her life could trot on happily ever after, just the way she’d planned, but that’s a lie, too†¦she sounded as if she’d died.† (92) Even without intruding on Denise’s life, Denise causes Neecy to endure pain (cry) proving Paige right that trying to recreate a childhood without flaws is impossible. Denise becomes emotional and can not stand to look at her young self hurt again. When Paige calls Denise Neecy she becomes excited and yells in a bitter tone, â€Å"I can’t stand to look at her.† (91) â€Å"Don’t call me Neecy, don’t you know better?† (95) Denise wants the name Neecy to represent the new childhood she created instead of the childhood she received. When Paige calls her Neecy she remembers her ...

Will I do better on the SAT or the ACT

Will I do better on the SAT or the ACT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Many students wonder whether they'll do better on the ACT or SAT after all it's important to put the best foot forward. Here we show you how to figure out which one you're better on. See the following questions and answers to figure out what will probably work better for you. 1. How do I know if I should take the ACT vs SAT? This depends entirely on the colleges where you want to apply and your specific abilities. Almost all 4-year schools require either (and accept both) the SAT or ACT, so it’s important to know which test can reflect your abilities most fully. Some colleges require no standardized test scores, but it’s best to apply to at least 3 schools (and, for many students, even more than that). Therefore, it’s unlikely that all the schools you want to apply to will be â€Å"test optional,† so deciding which test to take is pretty important. 2. Which students think the SAT is easier than the ACT? The SAT is better if you’re a â€Å"good test taker†if you’re good at figuring out what information tests are looking for, if big tests don’t make you very nervous, or if you don’t get overwhelmed easily by unfamiliar information. The SAT is better if you’re near a top score, because it’s easier to â€Å"ace†to get a 99th percentile or perfect score onthan the ACT. There are many reasons for this, but if you think you’re going to be scoring high, your chances of scoring in the highest percentiles are better on the SAT. The SAT is better if you’re good at solving puzzles or â€Å"thinking on the fly†taking unfamiliar information and manipulating it quickly or combining it with knowledge you already have. 3. Which students think the ACT is easier than the SAT? The ACT is better if you’re better in classes than on tests, if you are good at learning all the material in the textbook, or if you prefer lots of structure in your education. The ACT is better if you study school subjects more: aside from the ACT resembling a high school test more than the SAT does, it also tests a broader range of knowledge than the SAT doestaking AP Chemistry, for example, won’t help you on the SAT. But it could help significantly on the ACT. The ACT is better if you’re scoring in the lower percentiles because the average ACT question is a bit easier than the average SAT question, so that middle range is more attainable on the ACT. This does not mean, however, that the SAT is a harder testwe’ll discuss that next. 4. Is the ACT or SAT harder or easier overall? The short answer is that neither is harder; they’re hard in different ways. The most basic way the difficulties of the 2 tests differ is that, while the average ACT question is easier than the average SAT question, the hardest ACT question is harder than the hardest one on the SAT. 5. How can I find out for sure which is better for me? The best way is to actually try it out! Here are the exact steps: 1. Take a full practice SAT and a practice ACT. 2. Then use the offical ACT to SAT score conversion tableto convert your ACT score to its SAT equivalent (the table uses a 1600 scale that includes reading and math only). 3. If your score difference is more than 100 points in either direction, then you have a clear winner. For example, say you got a 30 on the ACT and a 1200 (out of 1600) on the SAT. You use the table and see a 30 on the ACT converts to a 1340. This is 140 points higher than your SAT. Clearly you should take the ACT, no questions asked! 4. If your score difference is less than 100 pointsthen you don't have a natural disadvantage in either one. The point difference is likely due to random chance, and both work equally well. What’s next? Comparethe current SAT to the version coming in 2016. Read about the technical differences between the SAT and ACT.

Entry 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Entry 1 - Essay Example The journey of discovering the nature of the universe and the true meaning of our existence did not end with the trip to the South Pole. In 1965, the Apollo mission landed the first humans on the surface of the moon. This sparked a sense of curiosity and the need to know more about the universe and ourselves. This became the genesis of science fiction literature. As man progressed in his discoveries, he discovered his limitations and the need to overcome them. The idea of overcoming human limitations cannot only be solved through scientific discoveries but through human creativity. Science fiction enables man to exist in a world that does not have limitations. Through this existence, people can explore their creativity in a number of ways. I prefer reading science fiction because it enables humans to overcome their generic shortcomings through creative thinking. In addition, science fiction enables people to view reality concerning the future of our universe and our discoveries. The future of the planet is dependent on human activities and efforts. Reading science fiction provides me with an understanding of possible outcomes and threats that faces humanity. Through science fiction literature, I have realized that humans have the ability to control the universe. Through systematic thinking and unbounded curiosity, humans will be able to overcome their perennial challenges. It is evident that the current technology was once written in science fiction literature. Similarly, I consider science fiction litterateur as prophecies on future possibilities. Although the literature is meant for amusement purpose, it provides valuable information that relates to current life. The literature provides insights on the role f governments in developing sustainable policies for sustainable development. Other than the entertainment aspect of

Resort management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Resort management - Assignment Example The final community association is the business association community that is the most significant. This type is associated with corporate meetings and economic necessities. Amenities are important in that they add value to the resort and they provide the users of the resort facilities to be able to fully enjoy the resort serves (Stringam, 189). The value addition that is associated with the amenities ensures that the customer loyalty is ensured. When developing an amenity strategy, the first step is the identification of the target market and the potential clients. This s then followed by the identification of the possible amenities that can be beneficial to the potential clients and amenity users (Stringam, 203). The important of this step is that it ensures that the right amenities that will be useful are identified. The final step is the implementation and the development of the chosen strategy. This should then be followed by reevaluation of the amenities so that they serve their intended

Website for an organization which has a campaign promoting a core Assignment

Website for an organization which has a campaign promoting a core issue that interests you - Assignment Example Morris Dees SPLC uses current laws to bring lawsuits to change current unjust laws. One example is when Dees sued the United Klans of America on behalf of Beulah Mae Donald. Donald’s son had been killed due to the Klan’s incitement toward violence against blacks. This suit bankrupted the last majorly nationally organized Ku Klux Klan in the United States. By challenging unfair laws and bring lawsuits, the SPLC has challenged and won lawsuits against discrimination against those living in the United States. The primary message is written with photographs at the top. These messages are informative. The website is set up like a news organization. Articles are current news around the United States involving issues of discrimination against minorities, Lesbians, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT), and immigrants. The message is clear. Although America does have more tolerant laws today than in the 1950’s, there is much work to still be done. The target audience is average Americans that might not be aware of incidents of discriminations in their area. An example is the Hate Watch map. The Hate Watch map tracks hate groups. These groups are skinheads, KKK, black panthers, anti-government groups, and any group that promotes hate against others. The map shows the locations of hate group members and more information on each group. It must be noted that although the SPLC was founded during the Civil Rights Movement, the group is not anti-white or pro-black. The SPLC was founded to promote equality among all Americans. The SPLC also has teaching material for educators to teach children. These messages are targeted toward the younger audience. These materials, books, worksheets, videos, and recordings are provided for free. History and current events are covered in these materials. The materials can be requested by a teacher or adult for free. The noise or confusion that